英 [rʌf]
美 [rʌf]
adj.
粗糙的，崎岖不平的；粗鲁的；狂暴的，汹涌的；未经加工的
vt.
粗暴地对待；使粗糙；草拟；
n.
粗糙的部分；艰难，苦难；（高尔夫球场的）深草区；
adv.
粗暴地；
vi.
举止粗野；
过去式：roughed过去分词：roughed现在分词：roughing第三人称单数：roughs
adj.(形容词)粗糙的having an uneven surface; not smooth粗野的,粗暴的showing a lack of gentleness, good manners, orconsideration etc.混乱的,暴乱的,喧闹的not gentle or tuneful艰难的,不愉快的unfortunate and unfair; unwell粗略的,大致的done or made without attention to detail or exactness; approximate未加工的,粗制的not delicate or comfortable; simple狂暴的,汹涌的stormy and violent; not calmadv.(副词)简陋地in uncomfortable condition粗暴地using force大致地not in a gentle wayv.(动词)vt. 使粗糙make untidy or unevenvt. 过简陋的生活live without the usual comforts and conveniences of life
n.the part of a golf course bordering the fairway where the grass is not cut shortv.prepare in preliminary or sketchy form
同义词：rough inrough out
adj.having or caused by an irregular surface
"trees with rough bark"; "rough ground"; "rough skin"; "rough blankets"
同义词：unsmooth
(of persons or behavior) lacking refinement or finesse
"she was a diamond in the rough"; "rough manners"
not quite exact or correct
"a rough guess"
同义词：approximateapproximative
full of hardship or trials
"they were having a rough time"
同义词：rocky
violently agitated and turbulent
"rough weather"; "rough seas"
同义词：boisterousfierce
unpleasantly harsh or grating in sound
同义词：gratinggravelgravellyraspingraspyscratchy
ready and able to resort to force or violence
"they were rough and determined fighting men"
同义词：pugnacious
of the margin of a leaf shape; having the edge cut or fringed or scallopedcausing or characterized by jolts and irregular movements
"a rough ride"
同义词：rockybumpyjoltyjoltingjumpy
not shaped by cutting or trimming
"rough gemstones"
同义词：uncut
not carefully or expertly made
"rough carpentry"
同义词：crude
not perfected
"a rough draft"; "a few rough sketches"
unpleasantly stern
"the nomad life is rough and hazardous"
同义词：harsh
unkind or cruel or uncivil
"a rough answer"
同义词：harsh
adv.with roughness or violence (`rough' is an informal variant for `roughly')
"he was pushed roughly aside"; "they treated him rough"
同义词：roughly
with rough motion as over a rough surface
"ride rough"
同义词：roughly
用作形容词 (adj.)～+名词rough road崎岖的道路rough sea狂暴的大海rough time辛酸时期rough weather恶劣的天气～+介词rough on对…粗暴的用作动词 (v.)～+名词rough one's hair弄乱头发～+副词rough curiously好奇地过简陋的生活rough dreadfully非比寻常地过简陋的生活rough extremely极端地过简陋的生活rough pleasantly愉快地过简陋的生活rough stiffly极度地过简陋的生活rough uncomfortably不自在地过简陋的生活rough uncommonly不平凡地过简陋的生活rough in画…的轮廓rough out作出,写出
in rough作为草稿；在草稿纸上
in the rough未完成的；未加工的；大致上
rough surface粗糙表面
rough and tumble争夺；乱作一团
rough machining粗加工
rough road n. 起伏不平的路
rough handling粗率的处理
rough and ready简陋的；马虎的
rough sea大浪；狂浪；风大浪急的海面
rough grinding粗研磨，粗磨
rough draft草稿；底子
rough estimate粗略的估计，粗算
rough terrain不平地形，地形条件恶劣地区
rough in草拟；大致画出
diamond in the rough未经琢磨的钻石；外粗内秀的人
cut up rough[美国口语]大发脾气
rough endoplasmic reticulum内质网；糙面内质网，粗面型内质网
rough and tough ◎粗鲁的，粗暴的，粗野的 , ◎强壮的，结实的
sleep rough露宿（在公园过夜）；睡得难受
rough paper糙面纸
更多收起词组短语
hoarse, rough, harsh
这组词都有“嘶哑的，沙哑的”的意思，其区别是：
hoarse指嘶哑刺耳的声音，通常因高声喊叫后嗓子失音所致。
rough指粗哑难听的声音。
harsh一般多指刺耳难听的声音。
rude, crude, harsh, rough, coarse
这组词都有“粗糙的”的意思，其区别是：
rude指加工粗糙、不精细。也指某人的言行举止粗鲁无礼，缺乏修养。
crude主要指未经加工处理尚处于自然状态的物质；也可指人的言行粗鲁。
harsh指外表、性质、声音的粗糙、刺耳、刺目，强调使人不愉快的粗糙感。
rough普通用词，指某物纹理不精细，或表面凹凸不平，不光滑。
coarse指某物质地粗糙低劣或编织、加工等不精细、精巧。也指人的言谈举止粗鲁，不文雅。
preliminary, rough
preliminary初步的，预备的
rough粗糙的，大致的
用作形容词(adj.)The rough road made the car vibrate.
崎岖不平的道路使车颠簸得很厉害。You'd better give us a rough idea of your price.
您最好给我们一个粗略的价格。It is only a rough guide to ideal weight.
这只是一个实现理想体重的粗略的办法。They complained rough handling by the police.
他们抱怨受到警察粗野的对待。I feel a bit rough--I'm going to bed.
我有点儿不舒服－－想去睡觉了。用作副词(adv.)He is now able to play rough and tumble with the other kids.
现在他可以粗暴地摔倒其他孩子了。用作名词(n.)I think that new singer is a diamond in the rough.
我觉得那个新歌手是块未经雕琢的玉。Write it in rough and then copy it.
先起草再誊写。We only saw the new painting in the rough.
我们只见过那幅新画未完成时的样子。用作及物动词(vt.)Micro-exfoliators help slough away rough, dull, uneven skin for a more radiant complexion.
细腻的磨砂颗粒帮助去除被溶解的角质，使粗糙晦暗不均匀的皮肤重现柔嫩和光泽。The gang decided to rough him up,as a warning to others.
暴徒们决定揍他一顿，作为对别人的警告。
ROUGH FUZZY SETS AND FUZZY ROUGH SETS*
Interval Set Clustering of Web Users with Rough K-Means
Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance in Rough Silicon Nanowires
Enhanced thermoelectric performance of rough silicon nanowires.
Combined wave and current interaction with a rough bottom
The scattering of electromagnetic waves from rough surfaces
The scattering of electromagnetic waves from rough surfaces
Backscattering from a randomly rough dielectric surface. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens
Taylor & Francis Online :: ROUGH FUZZY SETS AND FUZZY ROUGH SETS* - International Journal of General Systems - Volume 17, Issue 2-3
Transfer to proteins across membranes. II. Reconstitution of functional rough microsomes from heterologous components